The Clinical Leadership Theory Essay Example

The Clinical Leadership Theory Essay Our organization has used Ashridge Model to express their vision and strategies for their key objectives for transforming our practices as an Agenda for change strategies. (See Fig 1 for Ashridge Model) However, Whiteley et al 1996) warns that the danger with transforming leader is that many are left behind in the dark if the vision is not communicated well. Trait theory: Attempts made to identify common characteristics of effective leaders but most studies singled out intelligence, which means solving complex problems and discovering patterns. Initiation. It includes the use of initiatives related to stamina and energy. Self assurance- Perception of a place in society and self-confidence. John Hunt of the London Business School claims that leaders trait tend to be found in the first born of families, are high achievers, have high energy levels, think and plan over long time spans, are goal directed, they are politically active, loners and psychologically able to differentiate things of important from those that are not. This theory fell out into disrepute after concluding that effective leaders are either above average height or below. (Open University Centre Business School 1998)` Style theory came at the time of reaction to scientific management. It advocates participation culture, linked to the notions of satisfaction. It represented a more democratic humanistic approach of the use of manpower in organisations. Hardy (1999, p117) proposed the best fit approach with effective performance that dependent on the environment. It includes power or positions of the leader shown in the box below. We will write a custom essay sample on The Clinical Leadership Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Clinical Leadership Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Clinical Leadership Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Clinical Leadership Theory by Jumaa and Allyene (1998) proposes a Leadership Model (CLINLAP), which is a clinical leadership learning and action process. The Leadlap/clinlap model is identified as strategic management and leadership process that positions processes learning as a force that drives the health and social care organizations on a day to day basis in the management of goals, roles process and relationships (Jumaa 2001). Strategic learning requires among other things two major points in the box below. I have chosen to use this Model because it recognises stakeholders needs and gives tools to do the job. It had provided a pragmatic approach for the development of Management and Leadership activities in Group clinical supervisions with District Nurses therefore it has been tested for its effectiveness. It provides power to the leader and her followers. The assumptions are that it believes in strategic workplace learning for continuous quality improvement, which is now, needed so much in the New NHS. Whilst the Leadlap/Clinlap model may gives satisfaction to many stakeholders, Alimo-Metcalfe and Alban-Metcalfe (2003) remind us of the cost of poor leadership. In the NHS it is estimated that 27% of staff have psychiatric problem developed at workplaces suggesting poor leadership. The study by CBI of the cost of absenteeism to UK organisation estimates it at around 3 billion pounds per year, and it is suspected that 60% of absenteeism was due to stress at work. 60-75% of employees in any organizations reported that the worst and most stressful aspect of their job is dealing with their bosses. This shows that Leadership is clearly a moral imperative, but it is also an organisational imperative. The Leadlap/Clinlap Model that I am using in this essay has five phases as shown in (Table: 1)

Ch. 23 The Great Depression Essays

Ch. 23 The Great Depression Essays Ch. 23 The Great Depression Paper Ch. 23 The Great Depression Paper General MacArthur exceeding his orders to remove the veterans, the injuring of 100 marchers) Prior to 1932, Franklin Roosevelt had been all of the following except vice president of the US In 1932, Franklin Roosevelts promise of a new deal for America included a commitment to none of these is correct (spend billions of dollars to assist in the economic recovery, provide relief jobs to millions of unemployed Americans, pass legislation establishing a nationwide program of social security) Franklin Roosevelts victory over Herbert Hoover in 1932 was a convincing mandate Between his election in 1932 and the inauguration of 1933, Franklin Roosevelt refused to make any deals with the outgoing president, Herbert Hoover

Public sphere in China and japan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public sphere in China and japan - Term Paper Example ct for social investigation, but rather a subject for historical report due to their deep cultural heritage and political traditions carefully preserved by them. However, such preservation can’t be considered to be always positive, because it delays the modernization and development. According to Briggs & Burke, (2005),   â€Å"in China and Japan alike, print was controlled more closely by the state than in Europe,  delaying the development of a public sphere for centuries† (pp. 85-6). The given paper will discuss this statement and prove that the governmental control of media really delays the development of public sphere. Such supervision also does not allow to introduce democratic principles. It will also be discussed how new kinds of media can influence the public sphere in China and Japan. It is possible to assume that media play the most important role in the development of public sphere. They are not simply an impartial partaker or an emotional reporter. On the contrary, they represent an evaluator of the situation or a modernizer of the present social balance. According to Habermas (2001), â€Å"By ‘the public sphere’ we mean first of all a realm of our social life in which something approaching public opinion can be formed. Access is guaranteed to all citizens.† p. 102 The disagreement or group effort of the media with strength that tries to take over the public area turns up in this environment. The connection between the country and the media, either as counteractive or as harmonizing, is affected by the character of government’s interference (Rheingold, 1993). This interference has a long history. The attempts to permeate the public area have been constantly suppressed by the government that in many countries delayed the development of the public sphere and the creation of democratic society. The function of media in building the democratic society is explained by Curran (1991): According to classical liberal theory, the public sphere (or, in

Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Scholarship - Essay Example erefore my family and I would benefit from a scholarship as it would free my parents of additional concerns and financial responsibilities, making it easier for them to assist me with the maintenance of my car, while I focus on my education. JP appears to be a very respectful, mature and thoughtful teenager who wants to reduce his parent’s burdens and wants to please them by taking responsibility for his car and his own education. JP also demonstrates a keen appreciation for the potential for failure by identifying the key obstacles to success. The obstacles are financial difficulties, peer pressure and the conflicts these factors have with pursuing an education and maintaining a car. JP has demonstrated a willingness to work to reduce his parent’s financial burden, but recognizes the difficulties working has on his pursuit of an education. A scholarship would certainly reduce the parents’ financial burdens and help them to allocate funds to assist JP with the expenses involved in maintaining a car leaving JP free to focus on an education. My mother abandoned me to pursue an education when I was just 2 months. My father was not the best alternative as he was in and out of jail and abused and neglected me. As a result I spent the greater part of my life in the custody of Child Protective Services. Despite these hardships, I managed to remain in school. I am currently a junior at John F. Kennedy High School and I give my full attention to my school work. I am currently living with my grandparents who do their best to assist me despite the fact that my grandfather is disabled and their combined income is meager. I have thought about getting a job to help out, but realize that it would interfere with my education and limit engagement in extra-curricular activities. Therefore a scholarship would relieve my grandparents of the financial burden of helping me out with school supplies and would relieve me of the burden of having to find work, freeing me to

Currently Ethical Issue in Business Research Paper

Currently Ethical Issue in Business - Research Paper Example This has mainly emanated from the absence of transparency, consistency; accountability, coupled with institutional weaknesses within judicial and legislative systems have been a primary cause of corruption within companies. The paper explores ethical challenges associated with corruption and bribery in business. Business ethics has overtime attracted significant interest partly owing to the perception of crude capital tendencies, which elevate the making of profits relative to ethical making of such profits. The realization of corporate goals and objectives necessitates that business managers design relevant policies and strategies, which enable them to attain the set objectives and cope with the overriding business environment. Nevertheless, some of the corporate policies may offend ethical sensibilities (Trevino & Nelson, 2011). Background Corruption is a complex phenomenon covering a wide range of and its origin lies deep within political and bureaucratic institutions. Although, t he costs of corruption may differ and systemic corruption may be accompanied by sound economic performance, studies on corruption demonstrates that corruption is bad for development. Bribery represents one of the core tools of corruption and can be employed by businesses as a mode of â€Å"buying† things availed by governments or other entities such as contracts, government incentives, lower taxes, legal outcomes, and licenses (Myint, 2000). Ordinary business practices when abused can be construed as corrupt payments. Bribery and corruption in companies limits competition, corrupts the society, and damages innovation. In most cases, â€Å"corrupt† and â€Å"illicit† can be employed interchangeably, which implies that corrupt behavior contravenes a principle of legality; nevertheless, not all illegal behavior is corrupt and not all corrupt behavior can be deemed as illegal (Kochan & Goodyear, 2011). Transparency International differentiates forms of corruption by motive, whereby corruption behaviors injurious to the firm can be labeled as dysfunctional corruption while that beneficial to the firm can be labeled as functional corruption (Myint, 2000). Such a distinction is relevant when discussing international business and corruption given that some acts such as bribes and kickbacks may enable the firm to operate profitably, especially in the short-term (Loughman & Sibery, 2012). Discussion The World Bank estimates that close to 0.5% of GDP is lost via corruption each year. Bribery is mode common form of corruption, which creates a leeway where organized crime can flourish, corroding of trust in institutions, and undermining the rule of and democratic practices. Corruption can be highlighted as endemic within emerging economies causing chaos in economic development. In recent years, there has been a surge in high-profile cases of corporate corruption and bribery, which have given rise to colossal fines for companies engaged in corruption su rpassing $ 1 billion and increasing diplomatic tensions between countries. In response to increasing incidences on corruption, the U.S. Justice Department has increased prosecutions of alleged acts of foreign bribery by U.S. corporations. For instance, in 2009, over 120 companies were under investigation representing a stark contrast from what was happening in the previous years. Recent trends toward vibrant enforcement of

Prepare And Implement A Personal Development Plan Education Essay

Prepare And Implement A Personal Development Plan Education Essay Each of our work guided by the goal. we cannot live without doing any work. If we start our work by paining, that is definite to get success or reach the goal. Otherwise if we start to work without any plan there is certainly we get little achieve but we lost more time and resource. There should be need special skill to do any kinds of work. To get rational skill and knowledge we need rational learning style. Before the start new learning we need to do self-assignment about own skill and knowledge. Before the start of new thing to prepare the personal development plan (PDP) is so reasonable manner. How would we define a personal development plan? Well I would define it as a plan we make for our self to achieve something in our life. What do we wish to accomplish? Do you want to start a wholesale business? Do we want to get a new career? Whatever it is our wish to do we will need to define a personal development plan and put begin to put it into action. The PDP has given us the fully guide line of our learning. What is Personal Development Plan (PDP) In the general sense personal Development Plan is that kinds of plan which we prepared to before the start of our work to made the success of our goal. In the PDP we analysis of our exacting skill and ability, and what goal we need to achieve after the work this all thing include in the PDP. It is a kinds of working plan. Personal Development Planning can be defined as a process that helps you to think about your own learning, performance and/or achievements and to plan for your personal, educational and career development.  [1]   Therefore under the PDP include of this thing: Current proficiency. What is the skill which is going to learn How and with whom is going to learn new skill Learning or working time scale Criteria for judging success The evidence of learn or work. In this way, PDP is that thing it help to us to know what we going to do , what skill I have available and what result is came it all thing and as well as it help to systematic and achievable of our work. Significance of a PDP for University student PDP has played a most significance role for a university student like me. A student main goal and purpose is to learn new skill and knowledge. For example I came in UK to study of business management. After the study I want to learn newly management related skill and knowledge. To learn new skill and knowledge I spend my money and time in the UK. When I learn about the PDP then I also made my PDP and now I have implement it in my existing student life it help to me so much to effective learning. For example after the study of management research project and presentation I had learn the skill of how to prepare the project? How to present it with other? How to answer the question of participator? How to manage the feedback? How to solve the problem? In here, my PDP has support to me made a confidence of that work. PDP is the so important of a university student. PDP has encourage to student to learn a new skill and knowledge. It give a clear vision of the student learning. It give a clarity of what is learning and how it is going to learn. I give a method of learning for the student. PDP has identify the what skill already to learner and what skill need to learn. From the PDP what skill I am success to learn and what skill I did not learn it also identify. By the PDP we can know what should be need to do in the next stapes as well. In the conclusion, we can said PDP has help to us to manage our time, work, learn and as well as it give a vision of our future and help to made of our future planning therefore PDP has play must significance role in the university student. 4. Implement of my PDP, suggest and explain of my Action plan. When I understand the significant of PDP for a student then I also prepared and implementing of my PDP. My learning goal is to make a success manager so my purpose is to stay in UK and study of business management. I want to learn communication skill, team working skill, leadership skill, decision-making skill, problem-solving skill, organization operation skill, under one year time period. As well as I want to learn the theoretic knowledge of commerce, business, and management. For that purpose now I am studying in LSBM in postgraduate level of APDMS course. Action Planning helps me to identify and set targets, documenting a thought out strategy. A well written action plan will be clear in its intentions, unambiguous and focussed. I am going to saw the long-term action plan of my PDP simple and the table of personal development plan is in appendix -1: My long-term aspirations and goal: About me: my plan beyond post graduation I would like to get a job working in business organisationà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s manager for long company Opportunities: way forward for me I will find out what quality and experience is need for the job Action planning target Action points By when Find out what qualification I need to get By the end of 1st semester Investigate what experience is repaired for the job By the mead in 2nd semester Speak to my advisor of studies By the end of second semester Note on completion 5. Important of self-review Self-review is so important of a university student. Self à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬review had help to me to identify the success and unsuccessful part of my PDP implement. After the self-review I can learn how many skill and knowledge and how many I did not learn? To know our success and unsuccessful part we can made a further strategy. And we get the chance to improve ourself. . After the self-review mainly we can learn following thing: Is our work going to meet the personal goal. What I do well and where I can improve. My personality and personal quality. What if fiend motivating and what interests. How I learn best. Self review help to us to remove the coming learning obstacle and keep the alert position in all time as well as give the opportunity to improve of our PDP. 6. Self-review influence on the Effectiveness of my Individual Learning Self-review has important influence in my learning. I failed in some module in my first semester after that I doing my self-review and asked the question why I failed? When I did my self-review I find out, in the past time I studied in Nepal in theoretical base but in UK study method is practical base method so there is learning style is not matching and I did not learn properly and I failed in the exam. And the other reason is, in Nepal my study method is Nepali medium but in England I am studying in English medium first chance. The is reason of language weakness I did not learn so many thing as well as I could not expresses of my learn thing also so I failed in the exam. Main this two thing I find out after my self- review and now I am try to remove that my weakness and going to made more effective of my study. 7. Conclusion: There is so important of Personal Development of a university student. So there should be need to prepare and implement a PDP for a university student. PDP has encouraged studying a student. A studentà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s PDP has helped the student to identified, what I learn? What should be needed to learn? What is the action of learning? Which skill has I learn? and what is my progress etc. In this way PDP has help to got a student object and give the clear guideline. In my experience PDP has help me to learn many kinds of business management related skill which I want to learn. For that purpose I did self-review of my PDP in time to time. Self-review has identify to me my weakness of learning when I identify of my weakness I have improvement that and go ahead. In this way self-review has brought to effectiveness in my learning process. Especially after my self-review I get the chance to improvement my language and practical base study method. Reference: Gorman, Thm., (1998). The Complete Idiotà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Guide to: MBA Basics. 1st Ed. New York: Alpha Books. Rebbins, Stephen P. and Hunsaker, Philip L. (2009) Training in interpersonal Skill.5th Ed. Pearson international Edition: London. http://www.imperial.ac.uk/ice/, 20th December 2010. http://ezinearticles.com/?Define-Personal-Development-Planid=790578, 20th December 2010. http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2008/09/personal-develo.html, 20th December 2010.

The significance of female characters in the progressof Homer’s novel E

The significance of female characters in the progressof Homer’s novel The Odyssey Women are very important figures in Homer's The Odyssey. Athena and Penelope are the two primary examples. They help Odysseus in his travels in many ways through the story. They keep the reader interested so that they keep reading to find out what will happen next. Throughout the novel, they appear in many different forms. In this epic, several female characters had a profound effect on the plot. They wielded their influence through typically feminine skills and attributes: seduction, supernatural powers, intelligence, and beauty. Some of the women of The Odyssey influenced the actions of men, playing key roles in the epics, such as Athena, Penelope, Calypso, the Sirens, Helen, or Circe; all have been true, and in actuality, may be an entertaining interpretation of an actual Trojan War. Since the Trojan War supposedly started because of a dispute between the gods and mortals, the Trojan War probably started because of a reason other than the reason Homer gives. If Homer were a woman, then he would have directed his audience into believing that women were at a higher level than men were by use of his epics. Ultimately, Homer would be utilizing his feminine characteristics when telling his stories with underlying messages of feminine superiority or equality. As goddess of wisdom and battle, Athena naturally has a soft spot for the brave and wily Odysseus. She helps him out of many tough situations, including his shipwreck in Book 5 and the mismatched battle of Book 22. She does not merely impart sense and safety to her passive charge, however. She takes an interest in Odysseus for the talents he already has and actively demonstrates. Although she reassures Odysseus during the battle with the suitors, she does not become fully involved, preferring instead to watch Odysseus fight and prevail on his own. She also often helps Telemachus as when she sends him off to Pylos and Sparta to earn a name for himself but she has the most affection for Odysseus. Athena is confident, practical, clever, a master of disguises, and a great warrior, characteristics she finds reflected in Telemachus. Her role as goddess of the womanly arts gets very little attention in the Odyssey. Penelope works at the loom all the time but rarely sees Athena, and then u... ...oes. These literature works gave many possibilities of definition of heroism. The Greeks illustrated heroism to obey the rules laid down by the gods and goddesses, and those who obey the rules would gain honor and fame. The Greeks regarded intelligence as one of the highest gifts that all heroes must posses. The Greeks required that all heroes must have courage and die a horrible death. We know him less from what he thought, which was seldom revealed, than by what he says and did, and his actions follow naturally from his characteristics. If the cunning of Odysseus is mentioned more than his courage, it was his courage that gets him into the scrapes from which his cunning had to deliver him. Odysseus had the all the qualities that the Greek tradition required of all heroes, which were obey the rules of gods, posses intelligence, and displayed courage. He was made a hero thanks to his own characteristics however, with out the guidance of Athena, his longing to be at home with his wife again and the intervention of women on his journey, he would only be a hero by myth not by what he has achieved through the trouble of getting home due to the women he has encountered.

Buddhism in East Asia Essay

Many people will choose Confucianism as the most important factor in understating East Asian culture. Confucianism, indeed, is crucial in understanding the culture. However, one should not overlook the influence of Buddhism on Confucianism and many areas of East Asian culture. Buddhism, one of the world’s oldest religions and a philosophy, is shared by East Asian countries, thus in order to fully appreciate the East Asian culture, one should learn about Buddhism and its significant influence on the culture. This paper will discuss Buddhism shared by East Asian culture and how the religion played an enormous role in shaping the mindset of people affecting their culture. Buddhism started approximately in the 6th century BCE, starting with the birth of the Buddha in India. The religion then spread through Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia (Keown). Among many branches of Buddhism, Mahayana has been diffused from first west, north, and east throughout East Asia (Skilton). The fundamental principles of Mahayana are liberation from suffering and the belief in the existence of Bodhisattva. Bodhisattva is someone who achieved Nirvana, the state of being free from both suffering and the cycle of rebirth (Keown). One can find a carved wood elongated figure of Bodhisattva Guanyin (1999. 13. 0003) from Spurlok Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL . In this wooden figure, Guanyin is barefoot with hair wrapped in knot, wears ornate robes and holds a basket with flowers (Spurlock Museum). One can also find a photo of Bronze Seated Buddha in National Museum at Kyongbok-Kung, Seoul, South Korea (1986. 27. 0017) in Spurlock Museum . These are an important artifact and a photo because one can easily find very similar artifacts of Guanyin or Buddha in China, Korea, and Japan. It shows one how Buddhism was shared by East Asian countries (Yu). Upon first encountering Buddhism, many Chinese scholars regarded it as merely a foreign religion. This caused Buddhism to transform itself into a system that could co-exist within the Chinese way of life. Thus, filial devotion, one of the most valued by Confucianists, in Buddhist teachings became the core texts in China. It further strengthened the Confucian value by claiming that the salvation of an individual was a benefit to the society and family. Therefore, Buddhism could spread well in the Chinese population (Chen). From this point, Buddhism spread to Korea and Japan, and Buddhist ideology began to merge with Confucianism. This caused many Confucian scholars to redefine Confucianism as Neo-Confucianism (Chen). While Neo-Confucianism adapted Buddhist ideas, many Neo-Confucianists strongly opposed Buddhism. Nonetheless, Buddhism offered Confucianism important ideas such as the nature of the soul and the relation of the individual to the cosmos, ideas not explored by Confucianism (Chen). Again, Neo-Confucianism was spread through Korea and Japan, and they were all deeply influenced for more than half a millennium (Chen). Moreover, many other indigenous religions and philosophical systems in East Asia integrated the ideas and teachings of Buddhism, so it came to be a natural part of living. In conclusion, the teachings of Buddhism not only influenced in shaping the mindset of East Asian people, but also affected their philosophy of life.

Developmental Theories Essays

Developmental Theories Essays Developmental Theories Essay Developmental Theories Essay â€Å"All developmental theories can be distilled into one powerful statement – if there is no development, there is no learning. † Do you agree? Use examples from some of the theories that you have encountered to justify your response. Over the years, many psychologists, scholars, mathematicians, teachers and counsellors have pondered this exact statement. I, at the risk of being predictable, agree with this statement but then also think that the idea can be reversed – saying that without learning, there will be limited development. This is not a hasty decision, the studies of Piaget and Vygotsky, along with numerous others cited in Educational Psychology (Woolfolk and Margetts, 2007) and academic journals all point to the conclusive outcome that development is essential to learning. Development, on a biological, social, emotional and cognitive level is defined in Educational Psychology as â€Å"certain changes that occur in human beings†¦between conception and death† (Woolfolk and Margetts, 2007) and â€Å"[these changes] are generally assumed to be for the better and result in behaviour that is more adaptive, more organised, more effective and more complex† (Mussen, Conger and Kagan, 1984). Development is therefore essentially PROGRESSION. Another source even says â€Å"the development of children unfolds along individual pathways whose trajectories are characterized by continuities and discontinuities, as well as by a series of significant transitions† (Shonkoff and Phillips 2000), showing that development is a process and a period of transition. Jean Piaget (1954) is explained in Educational Psychology to believe that â€Å"our thinking processes change radically, though slowly, from birth to maturity because we constantly strive to make sense of the world† (Woolfolk and Margetts, 2007). Piaget also â€Å"began to suspect that the key to human knowledge might be discovered by observing how the childs mind develops† (Papert, 1999). He then went on to discuss the term â€Å"social transmission† which means learning from others, and commented that â€Å"the amount people can learn from social transmission varies according to their stage of cognitive development† (Piaget in Woolfolk and Margetts, 2007). Piaget essentially believed that â€Å"cognitive development has to come before learning – the child has to be ‘ready’ to learn† (Piaget in Woolfolk and Margetts, 2007) and Diana Fox repeated this in her essay, Ages and Stages – â€Å"it is often said that the early childhood years are the getting ready phase of development and learning† (Fox, 2002). Jean Piaget pioneered the concept of the four major stages of cognitive development, the sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete-operational and formal-operation. All of these stages are very closely linked to the idea that development and learning go side by side, for instance, in the pre-operational stage, Educational Psychology states that you can â€Å"see the rapid development of that very important symbol system, language† (Woolfolk and Margetts, 2007). The child therefore needs to â€Å"develop† the capacity to learn the language and if they didn’t develop, they wouldn’t learn. So from Piaget’s teachings about the stages of operation and the way in which we learn, it is clear that learning can only come about with cognitive development. Lev Vygotsky (1978) recognised that â€Å"the child’s culture shapes cognitive development by determining what and how the child will learn about the world† (Woolfolk and Margetts, 2007), thus confirming the other statement being made in this essay – that the lack of learning will affect the development of the child. Vygotsky said that â€Å"interaction encourages development by creating cognitive conflict that motivated change† (Vygotsky in Woolfolk and Margetts, 2007). This shows that through social interactions between peers (learning), it fosters development to a higher learning level – hence moving into the territory of Piaget’s work. Vygotsky had the theory of â€Å"the zone of proximal development† which is â€Å"the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers†. He shows that â€Å"the key to hearty intellectual growth was for children to be supported in this zone. That way, learning could actually shape development† (Thurber, 2003). For the child to be assisted by a supportive and non-judgemental elder, the potential development is far greater then if the child was left to perform in his or her own capacity. For a child trying to learn un-assisted, cognitive development that is â€Å"more adaptive, more organised, ore effective and more complex† (Mussen, Conger and Kagan, 1984) would be lesser than learning with an experienced other because, according to Thurber, â€Å"physical and sensory exploration boost cognitive development† (Thurber, 2003). The statement, â€Å"children are active participants in their own development, reflecting the intrinsic human drive to explore and master ones environment† (Shonkoff and Phillips 2000), can also support the notion that development and learning go hand-in-hand. The drive to explore and master is obviously a means of learning about ones surroundings and the statement shows that through this learning, development occurs. Furthermore, Shonkoff and Phillips (2000) also go on to say that â€Å"human development is shaped by a dynamic and continuous interaction between biology and experience†. Therefore children require â€Å"continuous interaction† with wiser mentors (Vygotskyan theory) and their development occurs while they attempt to â€Å"master† their environments (Piaget). When commenting on Piaget’s work, another source commented that â€Å"as children grow older, they develop progressively better rules and strategies for solving problems and thinking logically† (Seigler in Woolfolk and Margetts, 2007). He then went on to say that teachers can help students develop their capacities for learning. This infers that students or children need to develop in order to learn. Without the development of these learning capacities, learning will not take place. But as we look at Vygotsky, we can see an extension of Piaget’s theories, detailing that without learning, development will be limited.

Violin and Pitcher essays

Violin and Pitcher essays Georges Braques Violin and Pitcher shows a combining of ideas and the beginning of analytical cubism. This work is perhaps Braques first break away from faceting purely to display subject matter and towards a style where facets flow of a logic of their own. The work of Paul Cezanne led the way for paintings like Violin and Pitcher. Cezanne was interested in the way light reacted to form rather than what it was lighting: the form itself. Cezanne also began to explore the object that the viewer knows to exist in the painting; not just the view of the object gained by looking at it from one angle. Cezannes work was largely known as impressionism. His impressionist paintings such as Basket with Apples, Bottle, Biscuits and Fruit were the beginning of what would become Violin and Pitcher. The unnatural tilting of the plates surface made way for the multiple viewpoints in the violin and the lack of form or outline in the fruit the eventual faceting. The subject matter of Violin and Pitcher cant be read immediately due to the rather heavy fragmentation. An obvious clue is the paintings title and upon inspection the viewer can soon find the violin in the foreground and the pitcher somewhere in the midground. Beyond the violin and pitcher the paintings subject matter is less obvious. What the two objects are actually placed on, their base, either doesnt exist or has been fragmented to the point where it can no longer be seen. What does eventually come through are the walls of the room the painting is set in. Fragmented architecture draws the strong vertical lines of intersecting walls as they disappear into a sea of facets. Violin and Pitcher jumps straight from the formative early period of cubism and straight into analytical cubism. The work Braque painted before Violin and Pitcher such as his Harbour in Normandy of the same year help illustrate the transition between early and analyt ...

Developing a Balanced Scorecard Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developing a Balanced Scorecard - Term Paper Example r creating a balanced scorecard and how the scorecard would enable me to evaluate progress, assess the impact of my proposed change, and determine if the costs are justifiable in terms of the outcomes. A balanced scorecard, as defined by Balanced Scorecard Institute (2013, para.1), is "A strategic planning and management system that is used to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals". Further explication by Dr. Carol Huston in this weeks media denotes a balanced scorecard as a tool that can be used in nursing to help establish how assessment and appraisal of accomplishments or achievements will be conducted (Laureate Education, 2013a). Based on these definitions, my first step will be to assess the mission and vision of the my organization in order to identify an unmet need. The second step will be to consider whether the needs of the customers have been met in relation to quality and safety of care. After identification of an unmet need and assessment of customers needs, the next step will be to formulate and outline objectives for proposed change. This will involve identifying strategies and action plans to achieve the proposed change. This will be followed by identifying how performance will be measured. In regards to the elements of a balanced scorecard, data to measure performance will correlate to fiscal, stakeholders, business practices, and learning and growth measures (Laureate Education, 2013a). Fiscal data will be gathered primarily from annual financial reports. To measure performance in relation to customers needs, direct interviews will be conducted whereby patients will be asked to describe their level of satisfaction with services provided. Secondly, patients will be asked to fill questionnaires detailing whether their needs have been met. Data relating to business practices and growth will be gathered through

Global Economies according to Friedman's The World Is Flat Research Paper

Global Economies according to Friedman's The World Is Flat - Research Paper Example This has allowed other growing economies to collaborate irrespective of the geographical distance separating the collaborating countries. Based on the past and current trends in the U.S. economy, Flanders presents that as compared to some of the ten major recessions that have hit the U.S, those that have occurred in the 21st century have been the worst. This is indication that the in the next five years, another heat is likely to have even more serious impacts on the U.S economy. For instance, the 2000-2001 and the 2008-2009 economic downturns have had some huge effects, especially in major areas such as employment, growth, investment and personal disposable income. The rate of employment trend has continued to fall over the years with the invention of more new technologies that replaced human labor. Today, the 85% rate of employed men and women in 1960 has reduced to only 64%. This has also been marked by the reduction in the share of all men and women entering the workforce. Subseq uently, Flander further explains that from the year 2000 to 2009 the average income per household fell by 3.6% and has continued to fall up to date, especially with an increase in the inflation rate. Do you believe China will surpass the U.S. as a world economic power? According to Smith, although the United States, Germany and Japan are the greatest economies in the world, most model projections indicate that China and India will surpass some of these huge economies. For instance, Smith points out that as per the Goldman Sachs model projection, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the U.S will rise to $35.1 trillion from $10.1 trillion whereas that of China is expected to rise from $1.4 trillion to a massive $44.1 trillion. I agree with this idea, especially taking into consideration that during the 2008-2009 economic downturns, whereas the U.S. economy was rapidly shrinking, China’s economy was still growing at a rate of 9% per annum. The recent performance of China’s economy also shows that China is on track towards its long-term goal. For instance, the GDP grew 7.5% in 2001 and accelerated to 8.3% in 2002 and 9.5% in 2003. Moreover, China’s trade links as well as the fact that China is a well known net creditor puts her economy in a good position of becoming one of the strongest economies globally.  China is also known to be a great buyer of the U.S. bonds implying that to some extent it has the capacity to determine the deficit that the U.S. can run considering the fact that the U.S. is among the biggest net debtors (McEachern). Friedman documents that China is the world’s greatest â€Å"offshoring† country to the extent that even the U.S is one of the beneficiaries of the attractive production prices in China. The Chinese education system, with its emphasis on technical areas such as mathematics and sciences, has resulted in a situation where the wages of highly skilled workers in the U.S. are starting to compete again st Chinese workers who can do a similar job at a low price. According to Flanders, one of the latest forecasts by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reveals that perhaps by 2016 the economy of China will surpass that of the U.S. The forecast predicts that there is a current wrangle of the budget in Washington. This in turn leads to the emergence of a number of questions